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So far we have two main groups of regular verbs – first and second conjugation verbs. First conjugation verbs, those which have the accent on the penultimate syllable in the present tense, are split into a further four groups.
Group 1: Verbs like γράφω
Group 2: Verbs like δένω
Group 3: Verbs like πλέκω
Group 4: Verbs like διαβάζω
Second conjugation verbs, those accented on the last syllable, are categorised in two further groups.
Group 1: Verbs which decline like αγαπώ
Group 2: Verbs which decline like μπορώ
First Conjugation Verbs Group 1: Verbs like γράφω decline as follows:
| Present | Past (cont.) | Past simple | Past (sub) |
| γράφω | έγραφα | έγραψα | γράψω |
| γράφεις | έγραφες | έγραψες | γράψεις |
| γράφει | έγραφε | έγραψε | γράψει |
| γράφουμε | γράφαμε | γράψαμε | γράψουμε |
| γράφετε | γράφατε | γράψατε | γράψετε |
| γράφουν | έγραφαν | έγραψαν | γράψουν |
Other verbs like γράφω (I write)
| κρύβω | I hide |
| βάφω | I paint |
| ράβω | I sew |
| σκάβω | I dig |
| δουλεύω | I work |
| κόβω | I cut |
| ανακαλύπτω | I discover, find out |
| λείπω | I am away, am absent |
First Conjugation Verbs Group 2: Verbs like δένω decline as follows:
| Present | Past (cont.) | Past simple | Past (sub) |
| δένω | έδενα | έδεσα | δέσω |
| δένεις | έδενες | έδεσες | δέσεις |
| δένει | έδενε | έδεσε | δέσει |
| δένουμε | δέναμε | δέσαμε | δέσουμε |
| δένετε | δένατε | δέσατε | δέσετε |
| δένουν | έδεναν | έδεσαν | δέσουν |
Other verbs like δένω (I tie)
| χάνω | I lose |
| ψήνω | I bake, roast |
| λύνω | I untie, solve |
| θύμωνω | I get angry |
| διορθώνω | I correct |
| ενώνω | I join |
| σηκώνω | I pick up |
| πληρώνω | I pay |
| αφήνω | I leave, let |
| συστήνω | I introduce, suggest |
| συμερώνω | I rise (the sun) |
| ντένω | I dress |
| λιώνω | I melt |
First Conjugation Verbs Group 3: Verbs like πλέκω decline as follows:
| Present | Past (cont.) | Past simple | Past (sub) |
| πλέκω | έπλεκα | έπλεξα | πλέξω |
| πλέκεις | έπλεκας | έπλεξας | πλέξεις |
| πλέκει | έπλεκα | έπλεξα | πλέξει |
| πλέκουμε | πλέκαμε | πλέξαμε | πλέξουμε |
| πλέκετε | πλέκατε | πλέξατε | πλέξετε |
| πλέκουν | έπλεκαν | έπλεξαν | πλέξουν |
Other verbs like πλέκω (I knit)
| σπρόχνω | I push |
| κοιτάζω | I look at, gaze at |
| ανοίγω | I open |
| τρέχω | I run, race |
| δείχνω | I show |
| ρίχνω | I throw |
| παίζω | I play |
| διαλέγω | I choose |
| αρπάζω | I grab |
First Conjugation Verbs Group 4: Verbs like διαβάζω decline as follows:
| Present | Past (cont.) | Past simple | Past (sub) |
| διαβάζω | διάβαζα | διάβασα | διαβάσω |
| διαβάζεις | διάβαζες | διάβασες | διαβάσεις |
| διαβάζει | διάβαζε | διάβασε | διαβάσει |
| διαβάσουμε | διαβάζαμε | διαβάσαμε | διαβάσουμε |
| διαβάσετε | διαβάζατε | διαβάσατε | διαβάσετε |
| διαβάζουν | διάβαζαν | διάβασαν | διαβάσουν |
Other verbs like διαβάζω (I read)
| καπνίζω | I smoke |
| αρχίζω | I begin |
| πιάνω | I catch |
| φτάνω | I arrive |
| σβήνω | I extinguish, put out |
| εξετάζω | I examine |
| συνεχίζω | I continue |
| δανείζω | I lend |
| δακρύζω | I cry |
| δροσίζω | I cool, refresh |
| ανθίζω | I blossom |
| στολίζω | decorate, embellish |
Second Conjugation Verbs Group 1: Verbs like αγαπώ decline as follows:
| Present | Past (cont.) | Past simple | Past (sub) |
| αγαπώ | αγαπούσα | αγάπησα | αγαπήσω |
| αγαπάς | αγαπούσες | αγάπησες | αγαπήσεις |
| αγαπά | αγαπούσε | αγάπησε | αγαπήσει |
| αγαπάμε/ούμε | αγαπούσαμε | αγαπήσαμε | αγαπήσουμε |
| αγαπάτε | αγαπούσατε | αγαπήσσατε | αγαπήσετε |
| αγαπάν/αν | αγάπουσαν | αγάπησαν | αγαπήσουν |
Some other verbs like αγαπώ (I read)
| απαντώ | I answer |
| κεντώ | I embroider |
| κυνηγώ | I chase/hunt |
| ρωτώ | I ask |
| χαιρετώ | I greet |
| χτυπώ | I hit/beat |
| νικώ | I win |
| φιλώ | I kiss |
| προτιμώ | I prefer |
| οδηγώ | I drive |
| μιλώ | I speak |
| ακουμπώ | I touch/put something on something |
| κολυμπώ | I swim |
Second Conjugation Verbs Group 2: Verbs like μπορώ decline as follows:
| Present | Past (cont.) | Past simple | Past (sub) |
| μπορώ | μπορούσα | μπόρεσα | μπορέσω |
| μπορείς | μπορούσες | μπόρεσες | μπορέσεις |
| μπορεί | μπορούσε | μπόρεσε | μπορέσει |
| μπορούμε | μπορούσαμε | μπορέσαμε | μπορέσουμε |
| μπορείτε | μπορούσατε | μπορέσσατε | μπορέσετε |
| μπορούν | μπορουσαν | μπόρεσαν | μπορέσουν |
However, note:
| προχωρώ | προχωρούσα | προχώρησα | προχωρήσω |
Some other verbs like μπορώ (I can)
| αργώ | I am late |
| ζω | I live |
| κινώ | I move (something) |
| προσπαθώ | I try |
| προχωρώ | I proceed, move forward |
| κατοικώ | I inhabit |
| υπηρετώ | I serve |
| παρακαλώ | I ask/beg |
In English word order is used to make it clear who did what to whom. In the sentence “The dog bites the man.” It is clear who is doing the biting and who is the object of the biting. The dog is the subject of this sentence since it is the dog doing the biting. (The dog is performing the verb – in this case ‘biting’). By changing the word order “The man bites the dog” we have a rather more unusual situation. The definite article ‘the’ is unchanged, the verb ‘bites’ is unchanged, the ‘man’ and the ‘dog’ are both unchanged, but it is clear that the man has taken his revenge. Continue reading “Nouns in Nominative and Accusative Case”
In lesson 3 we used the nouns in the lists to answer the questions: Τι είναι αυτό; (What is this?) and Τι είναι εκοίνο; (What is that?). From the lists we should start to recognise the articles (the/a) for masculine, feminine and neuter nouns. The table below shows the indefinite articles and the definite articles for singular and plural nouns. Continue reading “Articles and common noun endings”
The table below shows some common verbs in their first and second person. We should note at this point that the verb ending changes to indicate which person is performing the verb.
| Μένεις …………; | Ναι, μένω … | ||||
| Ξέρεις …………; | Ναι, ξέρω … | ||||
| Θέλεις …………; |
εις |
Οχι, δεν θέλω … |
ω |
||
| Περιμένεις ……; | Ναι, περιμένω … | ||||
| Καταλαβαίνεις ..; | Ναι, καταλαβαίνω … | ||||
| Εχεις ……………; | Οχι, δεν έχω … |
Στο Βασίλη δεν του αρέσει το γάλα.
Δεν του αρέσει καθόλου.
Για την ακρίβεια, το σιχαίνεται! Continue reading “Δεν μου αρέσει το γάλα!”
Numbers 1-100
List of adverbs for GCSE Greek.
| ακόμη | still/yet |
| αλήθεια | really |
| άλλο | more |
| αμέσως | immediately |
| ανάμεσα | between |
| απέναντι | opposite |
| αργά | slowly |
| αργά | late |
| αριστερά | on the left |
| αρκετά | enough |
| αύριο | tomorrow |
| γύρω | around |
| δεξιά | on the right |
| δυστυχώς | unfortunately |
| εδώ | here |
| εκεί | there |
| έξω | outside |
| ήδη | already |
| ιδιαίτερα | especially |
| ίσια | straight ahead |
| ίσως | perhaps |
| κάτω | downstairs |
| κάτω από | under |
| μάλλον | rather |
| μέσα | inside |
| μπροστά | in front |
| μπροστά από | in front of |
| νωρίς | early |
| πάντα | always |
| πάνω | up (stairs) |
| πάνω σε | on top of |
| πάνω από | over/above |
| πάρα πολύ | very much |
| πέρσι | last year |
| πίσω | at the back |
| πίσω από | behind |
| πολύ | very |
| πότε πότε | every now and then |
| πρόσφατα | recently |
| σπάνια | rarely |
| συνέχεια | all the time/continuously |
| συνήθως | usually |
| σύντομα | soon |
| συχνά | often |
| τελευταία | recently/lately |
| του χρόνου | next year |
| χτες | yesterday |
The following colours, as with other adjectives, must agree with the noun. This is true for all the colours in the list except μπλε, μωβ and ροζ which are words borrowed from other languages and don’t inflect.
Adjectives ending in ος inflect as follows:
| άσπρος | άσπρη | άσπρο |
Adjectives etc.